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utilities_internal.js (51929B)

---

 /*
     ***** BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK *****
     
     Copyright © 2009 Center for History and New Media
                      George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
                      http://zotero.org
     
     This file is part of Zotero.
     
     Zotero is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
     it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
     the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
     (at your option) any later version.
     
     Zotero is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
     but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
     MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
     GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
     
     You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
     along with Zotero.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
     
 	
 	Utilities based in part on code taken from Piggy Bank 2.1.1 (BSD-licensed)
 	
     ***** END LICENSE BLOCK *****
 */
 
 /**
  * @class Utility functions not made available to translators
  */
 Zotero.Utilities.Internal = {
 	SNAPSHOT_SAVE_TIMEOUT: 30000,
 	
 	/**
 	 * Run a function on chunks of a given size of an array's elements.
 	 *
 	 * @param {Array} arr
 	 * @param {Integer} chunkSize
 	 * @param {Function} func - A promise-returning function
 	 * @return {Array} The return values from the successive runs
 	 */
 	"forEachChunkAsync": Zotero.Promise.coroutine(function* (arr, chunkSize, func) {
 		var retValues = [];
 		var tmpArray = arr.concat();
 		var num = arr.length;
 		var done = 0;
 		
 		do {
 			var chunk = tmpArray.splice(0, chunkSize);
 			done += chunk.length;
 			retValues.push(yield func(chunk));
 		}
 		while (done < num);
 		
 		return retValues;
 	}),
 	
 	
 	/**
 	 * Copy a text string to the clipboard
 	 */
 	"copyTextToClipboard":function(str) {
 		Components.classes["@mozilla.org/widget/clipboardhelper;1"]
 			.getService(Components.interfaces.nsIClipboardHelper)
 			.copyString(str);
 	},
 	
 	
 	 /*
 	 * Adapted from http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/nsICryptoHash
 	 *
 	 * @param	{String|nsIFile}	strOrFile
 	 * @param	{Boolean}			[base64=false]	Return as base-64-encoded string rather than hex string
 	 * @return	{String}
 	 */
 	"md5":function(strOrFile, base64) {
 		if (typeof strOrFile == 'string') {
 			var converter = Components.classes["@mozilla.org/intl/scriptableunicodeconverter"].
 				createInstance(Components.interfaces.nsIScriptableUnicodeConverter);
 			converter.charset = "UTF-8";
 			var result = {};
 			var data = converter.convertToByteArray(strOrFile, result);
 			var ch = Components.classes["@mozilla.org/security/hash;1"]
 				.createInstance(Components.interfaces.nsICryptoHash);
 			ch.init(ch.MD5);
 			ch.update(data, data.length);
 		}
 		else if (strOrFile instanceof Components.interfaces.nsIFile) {
 			if (!strOrFile.exists()) {
 				return false;
 			}
 			
 			// Otherwise throws (NS_ERROR_NOT_AVAILABLE) [nsICryptoHash.updateFromStream]
 			if (!strOrFile.fileSize) {
 				// MD5 for empty string
 				return "d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e";
 			}
 			
 			var istream = Components.classes["@mozilla.org/network/file-input-stream;1"]
 							.createInstance(Components.interfaces.nsIFileInputStream);
 			// open for reading
 			istream.init(strOrFile, 0x01, 0o444, 0);
 			var ch = Components.classes["@mozilla.org/security/hash;1"]
 						   .createInstance(Components.interfaces.nsICryptoHash);
 			// we want to use the MD5 algorithm
 			ch.init(ch.MD5);
 			// this tells updateFromStream to read the entire file
 			const PR_UINT32_MAX = 0xffffffff;
 			ch.updateFromStream(istream, PR_UINT32_MAX);
 		}
 		
 		// pass false here to get binary data back
 		var hash = ch.finish(base64);
 		
 		if (istream) {
 			istream.close();
 		}
 		
 		if (base64) {
 			return hash;
 		}
 		
 		// return the two-digit hexadecimal code for a byte
 		function toHexString(charCode) {
 			return ("0" + charCode.toString(16)).slice(-2);
 		}
 		
 		// convert the binary hash data to a hex string.
 		var hexStr = "";
 		for (let i = 0; i < hash.length; i++) {
 			hexStr += toHexString(hash.charCodeAt(i));
 		}
 		return hexStr;
 	},
 	
 	
 	/**
 	 * @param {OS.File|nsIFile|String} file  File or file path
 	 * @param {Boolean} [base64=FALSE]  Return as base-64-encoded string
 	 *                                  rather than hex string
 	 */
 	md5Async: async function (file, base64) {
 		const CHUNK_SIZE = 16384;
 		
 		function toHexString(charCode) {
 			return ("0" + charCode.toString(16)).slice(-2);
 		}
 		
 		var ch = Components.classes["@mozilla.org/security/hash;1"]
 				   .createInstance(Components.interfaces.nsICryptoHash);
 		ch.init(ch.MD5);
 		
 		// Recursively read chunks of the file and return a promise for the hash
 		let readChunk = async function (file) {
 			try {
 				let data = await file.read(CHUNK_SIZE);
 				ch.update(data, data.length);
 				if (data.length == CHUNK_SIZE) {
 					return readChunk(file);
 				}
 				
 				let hash = ch.finish(base64);
 				// Base64
 				if (base64) {
 					return hash;
 				}
 				// Hex string
 				let hexStr = "";
 				for (let i = 0; i < hash.length; i++) {
 					hexStr += toHexString(hash.charCodeAt(i));
 				}
 				return hexStr;
 			}
 			catch (e) {
 				try {
 					ch.finish(false);
 				}
 				catch (e) {
 					Zotero.logError(e);
 				}
 				throw e;
 			}
 		};
 		
 		if (file instanceof OS.File) {
 			return readChunk(file);
 		}
 		
 		var path = (file instanceof Components.interfaces.nsIFile) ? file.path : file;
 		var hash;
 		try {
 			var osFile = await OS.File.open(path);
 			hash = await readChunk(osFile);
 		}
 		finally {
 			if (osFile) {
 				await osFile.close();
 			}
 		}
 		return hash;
 	},
 	
 	
 	gzip: Zotero.Promise.coroutine(function* (data) {
 		var deferred = Zotero.Promise.defer();
 		
 		// Get input stream from POST data
 		var unicodeConverter = Components.classes["@mozilla.org/intl/scriptableunicodeconverter"]
 			.createInstance(Components.interfaces.nsIScriptableUnicodeConverter);
 		unicodeConverter.charset = "UTF-8";
 		var is = unicodeConverter.convertToInputStream(data);
 		
 		// Initialize stream converter
 		var converter = Components.classes["@mozilla.org/streamconv;1?from=uncompressed&to=gzip"]
 			.createInstance(Components.interfaces.nsIStreamConverter);
 		converter.asyncConvertData(
 			"uncompressed",
 			"gzip",
 			{
 				binaryInputStream: null,
 				size: 0,
 				data: '',
 				
 				onStartRequest: function (request, context) {},
 				
 				onStopRequest: function (request, context, status) {
 					this.binaryInputStream.close();
 					delete this.binaryInputStream;
 					
 					deferred.resolve(this.data);
 				},
 				
 				onDataAvailable: function (request, context, inputStream, offset, count) {
 					this.size += count;
 					
 					this.binaryInputStream = Components.classes["@mozilla.org/binaryinputstream;1"]
 						.createInstance(Components.interfaces.nsIBinaryInputStream)
 					this.binaryInputStream.setInputStream(inputStream);
 					this.data += this.binaryInputStream.readBytes(this.binaryInputStream.available());
 				},
 				
 				QueryInterface: function (iid) {
 					if (iid.equals(Components.interfaces.nsISupports)
 						   || iid.equals(Components.interfaces.nsIStreamListener)) {
 						return this;
 					}
 					throw Components.results.NS_ERROR_NO_INTERFACE;
 				}
 			},
 			null
 		);
 		
 		// Send input stream to stream converter
 		var pump = Components.classes["@mozilla.org/network/input-stream-pump;1"]
 			.createInstance(Components.interfaces.nsIInputStreamPump);
 		pump.init(is, -1, -1, 0, 0, true);
 		pump.asyncRead(converter, null);
 		
 		return deferred.promise;
 	}),
 	
 	
 	gunzip: Zotero.Promise.coroutine(function* (data) {
 		var deferred = Zotero.Promise.defer();
 		
 		Components.utils.import("resource://gre/modules/NetUtil.jsm");
 		
 		var is = Components.classes["@mozilla.org/io/string-input-stream;1"]
 			.createInstance(Ci.nsIStringInputStream);
 		is.setData(data, data.length);
 		
 		var bis = Components.classes["@mozilla.org/binaryinputstream;1"]
 			.createInstance(Components.interfaces.nsIBinaryInputStream);
 		bis.setInputStream(is);
 		
 		// Initialize stream converter
 		var converter = Components.classes["@mozilla.org/streamconv;1?from=gzip&to=uncompressed"]
 			.createInstance(Components.interfaces.nsIStreamConverter);
 		converter.asyncConvertData(
 			"gzip",
 			"uncompressed",
 			{
 				data: '',
 				
 				onStartRequest: function (request, context) {},
 				
 				onStopRequest: function (request, context, status) {
 					deferred.resolve(this.data);
 				},
 				
 				onDataAvailable: function (request, context, inputStream, offset, count) {
 					this.data += NetUtil.readInputStreamToString(
 						inputStream,
 						inputStream.available(),
 						{
 							charset: 'UTF-8',
 							replacement: 65533
 						}
 					)
 				},
 				
 				QueryInterface: function (iid) {
 					if (iid.equals(Components.interfaces.nsISupports)
 						   || iid.equals(Components.interfaces.nsIStreamListener)) {
 						return this;
 					}
 					throw Components.results.NS_ERROR_NO_INTERFACE;
 				}
 			},
 			null
 		);
 		
 		// Send input stream to stream converter
 		var pump = Components.classes["@mozilla.org/network/input-stream-pump;1"]
 			.createInstance(Components.interfaces.nsIInputStreamPump);
 		pump.init(bis, -1, -1, 0, 0, true);
 		pump.asyncRead(converter, null);
 		
 		return deferred.promise;
 	}),
 	
 	
 	/**
 	 * Unicode normalization
 	 */
 	"normalize":function(str) {
 		var normalizer = Components.classes["@mozilla.org/intl/unicodenormalizer;1"]
 							.getService(Components.interfaces.nsIUnicodeNormalizer);
 		var obj = {};
 		str = normalizer.NormalizeUnicodeNFC(str, obj);
 		return obj.value;
 	},
 	
 	
 	/**
 	 * Return the byte length of a UTF-8 string
 	 *
 	 * http://stackoverflow.com/a/23329386
 	 */
 	byteLength: function (str) {
 		var s = str.length;
 		for (var i=str.length-1; i>=0; i--) {
 			var code = str.charCodeAt(i);
 			if (code > 0x7f && code <= 0x7ff) s++;
 			else if (code > 0x7ff && code <= 0xffff) s+=2;
 			if (code >= 0xDC00 && code <= 0xDFFF) i--; //trail surrogate
 		}
 		return s;
 	},
 	
 	/**
 	 * Display a prompt from an error with custom buttons and a callback
 	 */
 	"errorPrompt":function(title, e) {
 		var ps = Components.classes["@mozilla.org/embedcomp/prompt-service;1"]
 					.getService(Components.interfaces.nsIPromptService);
 		var message, buttonText, buttonCallback;
 		
 		if (e.dialogButtonText !== undefined) {
 			buttonText = e.dialogButtonText;
 			buttonCallback = e.dialogButtonCallback;
 		}
 		if (e.message) {
 			message = e.message;
 		}
 		else {
 			message = e;
 		}
 		
 		if (typeof buttonText == 'undefined') {
 			buttonText = Zotero.getString('errorReport.reportError');
 			buttonCallback = function () {
 				win.ZoteroPane.reportErrors();
 			}
 		}
 		// If secondary button is explicitly null, just use an alert
 		else if (buttonText === null) {
 			ps.alert(null, title, message);
 			return;
 		}
 		
 		var buttonFlags = ps.BUTTON_POS_0 * ps.BUTTON_TITLE_OK
 							+ ps.BUTTON_POS_1 * ps.BUTTON_TITLE_IS_STRING;
 		var index = ps.confirmEx(
 			null,
 			title,
 			message,
 			buttonFlags,
 			"",
 			buttonText,
 			"", null, {}
 		);
 		
 		if (index == 1) {
 			setTimeout(function () { buttonCallback(); }, 1);
 		}
 	},
 	
 	
 	/**
 	 * saveURI wrapper function
 	 * @param {nsIWebBrowserPersist} nsIWebBrowserPersist
 	 * @param {nsIURI} uri URL
 	 * @param {nsIFile|string path} target file
 	 * @param {Object} [headers]
 	 */
 	saveURI: function (wbp, uri, target, headers) {
 		// Handle gzip encoding
 		wbp.persistFlags |= wbp.PERSIST_FLAGS_AUTODETECT_APPLY_CONVERSION;
 		// If not explicitly using cache, skip it
 		if (!(wbp.persistFlags & wbp.PERSIST_FLAGS_FROM_CACHE)) {
 			wbp.persistFlags |= wbp.PERSIST_FLAGS_BYPASS_CACHE;
 		}
 		
 		if (typeof uri == 'string') {
 			uri = Services.io.newURI(uri, null, null);
 		}
 		
 		target = Zotero.File.pathToFile(target);
 		
 		if (headers) {
 			headers = Object.keys(headers).map(x => x + ": " + headers[x]).join("\r\n") + "\r\n";
 		}
 		
 		wbp.saveURI(uri, null, null, null, null, headers, target, null);
 	},
 	
 	
 	saveDocument: function (document, destFile) {
 		const nsIWBP = Components.interfaces.nsIWebBrowserPersist;
 		let wbp = Components.classes["@mozilla.org/embedding/browser/nsWebBrowserPersist;1"]
 			.createInstance(nsIWBP);
 		wbp.persistFlags = nsIWBP.PERSIST_FLAGS_REPLACE_EXISTING_FILES
 			| nsIWBP.PERSIST_FLAGS_FORCE_ALLOW_COOKIES
 			| nsIWBP.PERSIST_FLAGS_AUTODETECT_APPLY_CONVERSION
 			| nsIWBP.PERSIST_FLAGS_FROM_CACHE
 			| nsIWBP.PERSIST_FLAGS_CLEANUP_ON_FAILURE
 			// Mostly ads
 			| nsIWBP.PERSIST_FLAGS_IGNORE_IFRAMES
 			| nsIWBP.PERSIST_FLAGS_IGNORE_REDIRECTED_DATA;
 		
 		let encodingFlags = 0;
 		let filesFolder = null;
 		if (document.contentType == "text/plain") {
 			encodingFlags |= nsIWBP.ENCODE_FLAGS_FORMATTED;
 			encodingFlags |= nsIWBP.ENCODE_FLAGS_ABSOLUTE_LINKS;
 			encodingFlags |= nsIWBP.ENCODE_FLAGS_NOFRAMES_CONTENT;
 		}
 		else {
 			encodingFlags |= nsIWBP.ENCODE_FLAGS_ENCODE_BASIC_ENTITIES;
 			
 			// Save auxiliary files to the same folder
 			filesFolder = OS.Path.dirname(destFile);
 		}
 		const wrapColumn = 80;
 		
 		var deferred = Zotero.Promise.defer();
 		var listener = new Zotero.WebProgressFinishListener(function () {
 			deferred.resolve();
 		});
 		wbp.progressListener = listener;
 		
 		wbp.saveDocument(
 			document,
 			Zotero.File.pathToFile(destFile),
 			Zotero.File.pathToFile(filesFolder),
 			null,
 			encodingFlags,
 			wrapColumn
 		);
 		
 		// Cancel save after timeout has passed, so we return an error to the connector and don't stay
 		// saving forever
 		var timeoutID = setTimeout(function () {
 			if (deferred.promise.isPending()) {
 				Zotero.debug("Stopping save for " + document.location.href, 2);
 				//Zotero.debug(listener.getRequest());
 				deferred.reject("Snapshot save timeout on " + document.location.href);
 				wbp.cancelSave();
 			}
 		}, this.SNAPSHOT_SAVE_TIMEOUT);
 		deferred.promise.then(() => clearTimeout(timeoutID));
 		
 		return deferred.promise;
 	},
 	
 	
 	/**
 	 * Launch a process
 	 * @param {nsIFile|String} cmd Path to command to launch
 	 * @param {String[]} args Arguments given
 	 * @return {Promise} Promise resolved to true if command succeeds, or an error otherwise
 	 */
 	"exec": Zotero.Promise.method(function (cmd, args) {
 		if (typeof cmd == 'string') {
 			Components.utils.import("resource://gre/modules/FileUtils.jsm");
 			cmd = new FileUtils.File(cmd);
 		}
 		
 		if(!cmd.isExecutable()) {
 			throw new Error(cmd.path + " is not an executable");
 		}
 		
 		var proc = Components.classes["@mozilla.org/process/util;1"].
 				createInstance(Components.interfaces.nsIProcess);
 		proc.init(cmd);
 		
 		Zotero.debug("Running " + cmd.path + " " + args.map(arg => "'" + arg + "'").join(" "));
 		
 		var deferred = Zotero.Promise.defer();
 		proc.runwAsync(args, args.length, {"observe":function(subject, topic) {
 			if(topic !== "process-finished") {
 				deferred.reject(new Error(cmd.path+" failed"));
 			} else if(proc.exitValue != 0) {
 				deferred.reject(new Error(cmd.path+" returned exit status "+proc.exitValue));
 			} else {
 				deferred.resolve(true);
 			}
 		}});
 		
 		return deferred.promise;
 	}),
 
 	/**
 	 * Get string data from the clipboard
 	 * @param {String[]} mimeType MIME type of data to get
 	 * @return {String|null} Clipboard data, or null if none was available
 	 */
 	"getClipboard":function(mimeType) {
 		var clip = Services.clipboard;
 		if (!clip.hasDataMatchingFlavors([mimeType], 1, clip.kGlobalClipboard)) {
 			return null;
 		}
 		var trans = Components.classes["@mozilla.org/widget/transferable;1"]
 						.createInstance(Components.interfaces.nsITransferable);
 		trans.addDataFlavor(mimeType);
 		clip.getData(trans, clip.kGlobalClipboard);
 		var str = {};
 		try {
 			trans.getTransferData(mimeType, str, {});
 			str = str.value.QueryInterface(Components.interfaces.nsISupportsString).data;
 		}
 		catch (e) {
 			return null;
 		}
 		return str;
 	},
 	
 	/**
 	 * Determine if one Window is a descendant of another Window
 	 * @param {DOMWindow} suspected child window
 	 * @param {DOMWindow} suspected parent window
 	 * @return {boolean}
 	 */
 	"isIframeOf":function isIframeOf(childWindow, parentWindow) {
 		while(childWindow.parent !== childWindow) {
 			childWindow = childWindow.parent;
 			if(childWindow === parentWindow) return true;
 		}
 	},
 	
 	
 	/**
 	 * Returns a DOMDocument object not attached to any window
 	 */
 	"getDOMDocument": function() {
 		return Components.classes["@mozilla.org/xmlextras/domparser;1"]
 			.createInstance(Components.interfaces.nsIDOMParser)
 			.parseFromString("<!DOCTYPE html><html></html>", "text/html");
 	},
 	
 	
 	/**
 	 * Update HTML links within XUL
 	 *
 	 * @param {HTMLElement} elem - HTML element to modify
 	 * @param {Object} [options] - Properties:
 	 *                                 .linkEvent - An object to pass to ZoteroPane.loadURI() to
 	 *                                 simulate modifier keys for link clicks. For example, to
 	 *                                 force links to open in new windows, pass with
 	 *                                 .shiftKey = true. If not provided, the actual event will
 	 *                                 be used instead.
 	 */
 	updateHTMLInXUL: function (elem, options) {
 		options = options || {};
 		var links = elem.getElementsByTagName('a');
 		for (let i = 0; i < links.length; i++) {
 			let a = links[i];
 			let href = a.getAttribute('href');
 			a.setAttribute('tooltiptext', href);
 			a.onclick = function (event) {
 				try {
 					let wm = Components.classes["@mozilla.org/appshell/window-mediator;1"]
 					   .getService(Components.interfaces.nsIWindowMediator);
 					let win = wm.getMostRecentWindow("navigator:browser");
 					win.ZoteroPane_Local.loadURI(href, options.linkEvent || event)
 				}
 				catch (e) {
 					Zotero.logError(e);
 				}
 				return false;
 			};
 		}
 	},
 	
 	
 	/**
 	 * A generator that yields promises that delay for the given intervals
 	 *
 	 * @param {Array<Integer>} intervals - An array of intervals in milliseconds
 	 * @param {Integer} [maxTime] - Total time to wait in milliseconds, after which the delaying
 	 *                              promise will return false. Before maxTime has elapsed, or if
 	 *                              maxTime isn't specified, the promises will yield true.
 	 */
 	"delayGenerator": function* (intervals, maxTime) {
 		var delay;
 		var totalTime = 0;
 		var last = false;
 		while (true) {
 			let interval = intervals.shift();
 			if (interval) {
 				delay = interval;
 			}
 			
 			if (maxTime && (totalTime + delay) > maxTime) {
 				yield Zotero.Promise.resolve(false);
 			}
 			
 			totalTime += delay;
 			
 			Zotero.debug("Delaying " + delay + " ms");
 			yield Zotero.Promise.delay(delay).return(true);
 		}
 	},
 	
 	
 	/**
 	 * Return an input stream that will be filled asynchronously with strings yielded from a
 	 * generator. If the generator yields a promise, the promise is waited for, but its value
 	 * is not added to the input stream.
 	 *
 	 * @param {GeneratorFunction|Generator} gen - Promise-returning generator function or
 	 *                                            generator
 	 * @return {nsIAsyncInputStream}
 	 */
 	getAsyncInputStream: function (gen, onError) {
 		// Initialize generator if necessary
 		var g = gen.next ? gen : gen();
 		var seq = 0;
 		
 		const PR_UINT32_MAX = Math.pow(2, 32) - 1;
 		var pipe = Cc["@mozilla.org/pipe;1"].createInstance(Ci.nsIPipe);
 		pipe.init(true, true, 0, PR_UINT32_MAX, null);
 		
 		var os = Components.classes["@mozilla.org/intl/converter-output-stream;1"]
 			.createInstance(Components.interfaces.nsIConverterOutputStream);
 		os.init(pipe.outputStream, 'utf-8', 0, 0x0000);
 		
 		
 		function onOutputStreamReady(aos) {
 			let currentSeq = seq++;
 			
 			var maybePromise = processNextValue();
 			// If generator returns a promise, wait for it
 			if (maybePromise.then) {
 				maybePromise.then(() => onOutputStreamReady(aos));
 			}
 			// If more data, tell stream we're ready
 			else if (maybePromise) {
 				aos.asyncWait({ onOutputStreamReady }, 0, 0, Zotero.mainThread);
 			}
 			// Otherwise close the stream
 			else {
 				aos.close();
 			}
 		};
 		
 		function processNextValue(lastVal) {
 			try {
 				var result = g.next(lastVal);
 				if (result.done) {
 					Zotero.debug("No more data to write");
 					return false;
 				}
 				if (result.value.then) {
 					return result.value.then(val => processNextValue(val));
 				}
 				if (typeof result.value != 'string') {
 					throw new Error("Data is not a string or promise (" + result.value + ")");
 				}
 				os.writeString(result.value);
 				return true;
 			}
 			catch (e) {
 				Zotero.logError(e);
 				if (onError) {
 					try {
 						os.writeString(onError(e));
 					}
 					catch (e) {
 						Zotero.logError(e);
 					}
 				}
 				os.close();
 				return false;
 			}
 		}
 		
 		pipe.outputStream.asyncWait({ onOutputStreamReady }, 0, 0, Zotero.mainThread);
 		return pipe.inputStream;
 	},
 	
 	
 	/**
 	 * Converts Zotero.Item to a format expected by translators
 	 * This is mostly the Zotero web API item JSON format, but with an attachments
 	 * and notes arrays and optional compatibility mappings for older translators.
 	 * 
 	 * @param {Zotero.Item} zoteroItem
 	 * @param {Boolean} legacy Add mappings for legacy (pre-4.0.27) translators
 	 * @return {Object}
 	 */
 	itemToExportFormat: function (zoteroItem, legacy, skipChildItems) {
 		function addCompatibilityMappings(item, zoteroItem) {
 			item.uniqueFields = {};
 			
 			// Meaningless local item ID, but some older export translators depend on it
 			item.itemID = zoteroItem.id;
 			item.key = zoteroItem.key; // CSV translator exports this
 			
 			// "version" is expected to be a field for "computerProgram", which is now
 			// called "versionNumber"
 			delete item.version;
 			if (item.versionNumber) {
 				item.version = item.uniqueFields.version = item.versionNumber;
 				delete item.versionNumber;
 			}
 			
 			// SQL instead of ISO-8601
 			item.dateAdded = zoteroItem.dateAdded;
 			item.dateModified = zoteroItem.dateModified;
 			if (item.accessDate) {
 				item.accessDate = zoteroItem.getField('accessDate');
 			}
 			
 			// Map base fields
 			for (let field in item) {
 				let id = Zotero.ItemFields.getID(field);
 				if (!id || !Zotero.ItemFields.isValidForType(id, zoteroItem.itemTypeID)) {
 					 continue;
 				}
 				
 				let baseField = Zotero.ItemFields.getName(
 					Zotero.ItemFields.getBaseIDFromTypeAndField(item.itemType, field)
 				);
 				
 				if (!baseField || baseField == field) {
 					item.uniqueFields[field] = item[field];
 				} else {
 					item[baseField] = item[field];
 					item.uniqueFields[baseField] = item[field];
 				}
 			}
 			
 			// Add various fields for compatibility with translators pre-4.0.27
 			item.itemID = zoteroItem.id;
 			item.libraryID = zoteroItem.libraryID == 1 ? null : zoteroItem.libraryID;
 			
 			// Creators
 			if (item.creators) {
 				for (let i=0; i<item.creators.length; i++) {
 					let creator = item.creators[i];
 					
 					if (creator.name) {
 						creator.fieldMode = 1;
 						creator.lastName = creator.name;
 						delete creator.name;
 					}
 					
 					// Old format used to supply creatorID (the database ID), but no
 					// translator ever used it
 				}
 			}
 			
 			if (!zoteroItem.isRegularItem()) {
 				item.sourceItemKey = item.parentItem;
 			}
 			
 			// Tags
 			for (let i=0; i<item.tags.length; i++) {
 				if (!item.tags[i].type) {
 					item.tags[i].type = 0;
 				}
 				// No translator ever used "primary", "fields", or "linkedItems" objects
 			}
 			
 			// "related" was never used (array of itemIDs)
 			
 			// seeAlso was always present, but it was always an empty array.
 			// Zotero RDF translator pretended to use it
 			item.seeAlso = [];
 			
 			if (zoteroItem.isAttachment()) {
 				item.linkMode = item.uniqueFields.linkMode = zoteroItem.attachmentLinkMode;
 				item.mimeType = item.uniqueFields.mimeType = item.contentType;
 			}
 			
 			if (item.note) {
 				item.uniqueFields.note = item.note;
 			}
 			
 			return item;
 		}
 		
 		var item = zoteroItem.toJSON();
 		
 		item.uri = Zotero.URI.getItemURI(zoteroItem);
 		delete item.key;
 		
 		if (!skipChildItems && !zoteroItem.isAttachment() && !zoteroItem.isNote()) {
 			// Include attachments
 			item.attachments = [];
 			let attachments = zoteroItem.getAttachments();
 			for (let i=0; i<attachments.length; i++) {
 				let zoteroAttachment = Zotero.Items.get(attachments[i]),
 					attachment = zoteroAttachment.toJSON();
 				if (legacy) addCompatibilityMappings(attachment, zoteroAttachment);
 				
 				item.attachments.push(attachment);
 			}
 			
 			// Include notes
 			item.notes = [];
 			let notes = zoteroItem.getNotes();
 			for (let i=0; i<notes.length; i++) {
 				let zoteroNote = Zotero.Items.get(notes[i]),
 					note = zoteroNote.toJSON();
 				if (legacy) addCompatibilityMappings(note, zoteroNote);
 				
 				item.notes.push(note);
 			}
 		}
 		
 		if (legacy) addCompatibilityMappings(item, zoteroItem);
 		
 		return item;
 	},
 	
 	
 	extractIdentifiers: function (text) {
 		var identifiers = [];
 		var foundIDs = new Set(); // keep track of identifiers to avoid duplicates
 		
 		// First look for DOIs
 		var ids = text.split(/[\s\u00A0]+/); // whitespace + non-breaking space
 		var doi;
 		for (let id of ids) {
 			if ((doi = Zotero.Utilities.cleanDOI(id)) && !foundIDs.has(doi)) {
 				identifiers.push({
 					DOI: doi
 				});
 				foundIDs.add(doi);
 			}
 		}
 		
 		// Then try ISBNs
 		if (!identifiers.length) {
 			// First try replacing dashes
 			let ids = text.replace(/[\u002D\u00AD\u2010-\u2015\u2212]+/g, "") // hyphens and dashes
 				.toUpperCase();
 			let ISBN_RE = /(?:\D|^)(97[89]\d{10}|\d{9}[\dX])(?!\d)/g;
 			let isbn;
 			while (isbn = ISBN_RE.exec(ids)) {
 				isbn = Zotero.Utilities.cleanISBN(isbn[1]);
 				if (isbn && !foundIDs.has(isbn)) {
 					identifiers.push({
 						ISBN: isbn
 					});
 					foundIDs.add(isbn);
 				}
 			}
 			
 			// Next try spaces
 			if (!identifiers.length) {
 				ids = ids.replace(/[ \u00A0]+/g, ""); // space + non-breaking space
 				while (isbn = ISBN_RE.exec(ids)) {
 					isbn = Zotero.Utilities.cleanISBN(isbn[1]);
 					if(isbn && !foundIDs.has(isbn)) {
 						identifiers.push({
 							ISBN: isbn
 						});
 						foundIDs.add(isbn);
 					}
 				}
 			}
 		}
 		
 		// Next try arXiv
 		if (!identifiers.length) {
 			// arXiv identifiers are extracted without version number
 			// i.e. 0706.0044v1 is extracted as 0706.0044,
 			// because arXiv OAI API doesn't allow to access individual versions
 			let arXiv_RE = /((?:[^A-Za-z]|^)([\-A-Za-z\.]+\/\d{7})(?:(v[0-9]+)|)(?!\d))|((?:\D|^)(\d{4}\.\d{4,5})(?:(v[0-9]+)|)(?!\d))/g;
 			let m;
 			while ((m = arXiv_RE.exec(text))) {
 				let arXiv = m[2] || m[5];
 				if (arXiv && !foundIDs.has(arXiv)) {
 					identifiers.push({arXiv: arXiv});
 					foundIDs.add(arXiv);
 				}
 			}
 		}
 		
 		// Finally try for PMID
 		if (!identifiers.length) {
 			// PMID; right now, the longest PMIDs are 8 digits, so it doesn't seem like we'll
 			// need to discriminate for a fairly long time
 			let PMID_RE = /(^|\s|,|:)(\d{1,9})(?=\s|,|$)/g;
 			let pmid;
 			while ((pmid = PMID_RE.exec(text)) && !foundIDs.has(pmid)) {
 				identifiers.push({
 					PMID: pmid[2]
 				});
 				foundIDs.add(pmid);
 			}
 		}
 		
 		return identifiers;
 	},
 	
 	
 	/**
 	 * Hyphenate an ISBN based on the registrant table available from
 	 * https://www.isbn-international.org/range_file_generation
 	 * See isbn.js
 	 *
 	 * @param {String} isbn ISBN-10 or ISBN-13
 	 * @param {Boolean} dontValidate Do not attempt to validate check digit
 	 * @return {String} Hyphenated ISBN or empty string if invalid ISBN is supplied
 	 */
 	"hyphenateISBN": function(isbn, dontValidate) {
 		isbn = Zotero.Utilities.cleanISBN(isbn, dontValidate);
 		if (!isbn) return '';
 		
 		var ranges = Zotero.ISBN.ranges,
 			parts = [],
 			uccPref,
 			i = 0;
 		if (isbn.length == 10) {
 			uccPref = '978';
 		} else {
 			uccPref = isbn.substr(0,3);
 			if (!ranges[uccPref]) return ''; // Probably invalid ISBN, but the checksum is OK
 			parts.push(uccPref);
 			i = 3; // Skip ahead
 		}
 		
 		var group = '',
 			found = false;
 		while (i < isbn.length-3 /* check digit, publication, registrant */) {
 			group += isbn.charAt(i);
 			if (ranges[uccPref][group]) {
 				parts.push(group);
 				found = true;
 				break;
 			}
 			i++;
 		}
 		
 		if (!found) return ''; // Did not find a valid group
 		
 		// Array of registrant ranges that are valid for a group
 		// Array always contains an even number of values (as string)
 		// From left to right, the values are paired so that the first indicates a
 		// lower bound of the range and the right indicates an upper bound
 		// The ranges are sorted by increasing number of characters
 		var regRanges = ranges[uccPref][group];
 		
 		var registrant = '';
 		found = false;
 		i++; // Previous loop 'break'ed early
 		while (!found && i < isbn.length-2 /* check digit, publication */) {
 			registrant += isbn.charAt(i);
 			
 			for(let j=0; j < regRanges.length && registrant.length >= regRanges[j].length; j+=2) {
 				if(registrant.length == regRanges[j].length
 					&& registrant >= regRanges[j] && registrant <= regRanges[j+1] // Falls within the range
 				) {
 					parts.push(registrant);
 					found = true;
 					break;
 				}
 			}
 			
 			i++;
 		}
 		
 		if (!found) return ''; // Outside of valid range, but maybe we need to update our data
 		
 		parts.push(isbn.substring(i,isbn.length-1)); // Publication is the remainder up to last digit
 		parts.push(isbn.charAt(isbn.length-1)); // Check digit
 		
 		return parts.join('-');
 	},
 	
 	
 	buildLibraryMenu: function (menulist, libraries, selectedLibraryID) {
 		var menupopup = menulist.firstChild;
 		while (menupopup.hasChildNodes()) {
 			menupopup.removeChild(menupopup.firstChild);
 		}
 		var selectedIndex = 0;
 		var i = 0;
 		for (let library of libraries) {
 			let menuitem = menulist.ownerDocument.createElement('menuitem');
 			menuitem.value = library.libraryID;
 			menuitem.setAttribute('label', library.name);
 			menupopup.appendChild(menuitem);
 			if (library.libraryID == selectedLibraryID) {
 				selectedIndex = i;
 			}
 			i++;
 		}
 		
 		menulist.appendChild(menupopup);
 		menulist.selectedIndex = selectedIndex;
 	},
 	
 	
 	buildLibraryMenuHTML: function (select, libraries, selectedLibraryID) {
 		var namespaceURI = 'http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml';
 		while (select.hasChildNodes()) {
 			select.removeChild(select.firstChild);
 		}
 		var selectedIndex = 0;
 		var i = 0;
 		for (let library of libraries) {
 			let option = select.ownerDocument.createElementNS(namespaceURI, 'option');
 			option.setAttribute('value', library.libraryID);
 			option.setAttribute('data-editable', library.editable ? 'true' : 'false');
 			option.setAttribute('data-filesEditable', library.filesEditable ? 'true' : 'false');
 			option.textContent = library.name;
 			select.appendChild(option);
 			if (library.libraryID == selectedLibraryID) {
 				option.setAttribute('selected', 'selected');
 			}
 			i++;
 		}
 	},
 	
 	
 	/**
 	 * Create a libraryOrCollection DOM tree to place in <menupopup> element.
 	 * If has no children, returns a <menuitem> element, otherwise <menu>.
 	 * 
 	 * @param {Library/Collection} libraryOrCollection
 	 * @param {Node<menupopup>} elem parent element
 	 * @param {function} clickAction function to execute on clicking the menuitem.
 	 * 		Receives the event and libraryOrCollection for given item.
 	 * 
 	 * @return {Node<menuitem>/Node<menu>} appended node
 	 */
 	createMenuForTarget: function(libraryOrCollection, elem, currentTarget, clickAction) {
 		var doc = elem.ownerDocument;
 		function _createMenuitem(label, value, icon, command) {
 			let menuitem = doc.createElement('menuitem');
 			menuitem.setAttribute("label", label);
 			menuitem.setAttribute("type", "checkbox");
 			if (value == currentTarget) {
 				menuitem.setAttribute("checked", "true");
 			}
 			menuitem.setAttribute("value", value);
 			menuitem.setAttribute("image", icon);
 			menuitem.addEventListener('command', command);
 			menuitem.classList.add('menuitem-iconic');
 			return menuitem
 		}	
 		
 		function _createMenu(label, value, icon, command) {
 			let menu = doc.createElement('menu');
 			menu.setAttribute("label", label);
 			menu.setAttribute("value", value);
 			menu.setAttribute("image", icon);
 			// Allow click on menu itself to select a target
 			menu.addEventListener('click', command);
 			menu.classList.add('menu-iconic');
 			let menupopup = doc.createElement('menupopup');
 			menu.appendChild(menupopup);
 			return menu;
 		}
 		
 		var imageSrc = libraryOrCollection.treeViewImage;
 		
 		// Create menuitem for library or collection itself, to be placed either directly in the
 		// containing menu or as the top item in a submenu
 		var menuitem = _createMenuitem(
 			libraryOrCollection.name, 
 			libraryOrCollection.treeViewID,
 			imageSrc,
 			function (event) {
 				clickAction(event, libraryOrCollection);
 			}
 		);
 		
 		var collections;
 		if (libraryOrCollection.objectType == 'collection') {
 			collections = Zotero.Collections.getByParent(libraryOrCollection.id);
 		} else {
 			collections = Zotero.Collections.getByLibrary(libraryOrCollection.id);
 		}
 		
 		// If no subcollections, place menuitem for target directly in containing men
 		if (collections.length == 0) {
 			elem.appendChild(menuitem);
 			return menuitem
 		}
 		
 		// Otherwise create a submenu for the target's subcollections
 		var menu = _createMenu(
 			libraryOrCollection.name,
 			libraryOrCollection.treeViewID,
 			imageSrc,
 			function (event) {
 				clickAction(event, libraryOrCollection);
 			}
 		);
 		var menupopup = menu.firstChild;
 		menupopup.appendChild(menuitem);
 		menupopup.appendChild(doc.createElement('menuseparator'));
 		for (let collection of collections) {
 			let collectionMenu = this.createMenuForTarget(
 				collection, elem, currentTarget, clickAction
 			);
 			menupopup.appendChild(collectionMenu);
 		}
 		elem.appendChild(menu);
 		return menu;
 	},
 	
 	
 	// TODO: Move somewhere better
 	getVirtualCollectionState: function (type) {
 		switch (type) {
 			case 'duplicates':
 				var prefKey = 'duplicateLibraries';
 				break;
 			
 			case 'unfiled':
 				var prefKey = 'unfiledLibraries';
 				break;
 			
 			default:
 				throw new Error("Invalid virtual collection type '" + type + "'");
 		}
 		var libraries;
 		try {
 			libraries = JSON.parse(Zotero.Prefs.get(prefKey) || '{}');
 			if (typeof libraries != 'object') {
 				throw true;
 			}
 		}
 		// Ignore old/incorrect formats
 		catch (e) {
 			Zotero.Prefs.clear(prefKey);
 			libraries = {};
 		}
 		
 		return libraries;
 	},
 	
 	
 	getVirtualCollectionStateForLibrary: function (libraryID, type) {
 		return this.getVirtualCollectionState(type)[libraryID] !== false;
 	},
 	
 	
 	setVirtualCollectionStateForLibrary: function (libraryID, type, show) {
 		switch (type) {
 			case 'duplicates':
 				var prefKey = 'duplicateLibraries';
 				break;
 			
 			case 'unfiled':
 				var prefKey = 'unfiledLibraries';
 				break;
 			
 			default:
 				throw new Error("Invalid virtual collection type '" + type + "'");
 		}
 		
 		var libraries = this.getVirtualCollectionState(type);
 		
 		// Update current library
 		libraries[libraryID] = !!show;
 		// Remove libraries that don't exist or that are set to true
 		for (let id of Object.keys(libraries).filter(id => libraries[id] || !Zotero.Libraries.exists(id))) {
 			delete libraries[id];
 		}
 		Zotero.Prefs.set(prefKey, JSON.stringify(libraries));
 	},
 	
 	
 	openPreferences: function (paneID, options = {}) {
 		if (typeof options == 'string') {
 			Zotero.debug("ZoteroPane.openPreferences() now takes an 'options' object -- update your code", 2);
 			options = {
 				action: options
 			};
 		}
 		
 		var io = {
 			pane: paneID,
 			tab: options.tab,
 			tabIndex: options.tabIndex,
 			action: options.action
 		};
 		
 		var win = null;
 		// If window is already open and no special action, just focus it
 		if (!options.action) {
 			var wm = Components.classes["@mozilla.org/appshell/window-mediator;1"]
 				.getService(Components.interfaces.nsIWindowMediator);
 			var enumerator = wm.getEnumerator("zotero:pref");
 			if (enumerator.hasMoreElements()) {
 				var win = enumerator.getNext();
 				win.focus();
 				if (paneID) {
 					var pane = win.document.getElementsByAttribute('id', paneID)[0];
 					pane.parentElement.showPane(pane);
 					
 					// TODO: tab/action
 				}
 			}
 		}
 		if (!win) {
 			let args = [
 				'chrome://zotero/content/preferences/preferences.xul',
 				'zotero-prefs',
 				'chrome,titlebar,toolbar,centerscreen,'
 					+ Zotero.Prefs.get('browser.preferences.instantApply', true) ? 'dialog=no' : 'modal',
 				io
 			];
 			
 			let win = Services.wm.getMostRecentWindow("navigator:browser");
 			if (win) {
 				win.openDialog(...args);
 			}
 			else {
 				// nsIWindowWatcher needs a wrappedJSObject
 				args[args.length - 1].wrappedJSObject = args[args.length - 1];
 				Services.ww.openWindow(null, ...args);
 			}
 		}
 		
 		return win;
 	},
 	
 	
 	filterStack: function (stack) {
 		return stack.split(/\n/)
 			.filter(line => !line.includes('resource://zotero/bluebird'))
 			.filter(line => !line.includes('XPCOMUtils.jsm'))
 			.join('\n');
 	},
 	
 	
 	quitZotero: function(restart=false) {
 		Zotero.debug("Zotero.Utilities.Internal.quitZotero() is deprecated -- use quit()");
 		this.quit(restart);
 	},
 	
 	
 	/**
 	 * Quits the program, optionally restarting.
 	 * @param {Boolean} [restart=false]
 	 */
 	quit: function(restart=false) {
 		var startup = Services.startup;
 		if (restart) {
 			Zotero.restarting = true;
 		}
 		startup.quit(startup.eAttemptQuit | (restart ? startup.eRestart : 0) );
 	}
 }
 
 /**
  * Runs an AppleScript on OS X
  *
  * @param script {String}
  * @param block {Boolean} Whether the script should block until the process is finished.
  */
 Zotero.Utilities.Internal.executeAppleScript = new function() {
 	var _osascriptFile;
 	
 	return function(script, block) {
 		if(_osascriptFile === undefined) {
 			_osascriptFile = Components.classes["@mozilla.org/file/local;1"].
 			createInstance(Components.interfaces.nsILocalFile);
 			_osascriptFile.initWithPath("/usr/bin/osascript");
 			if(!_osascriptFile.exists()) _osascriptFile = false;
 		}
 		if(_osascriptFile) {
 			var proc = Components.classes["@mozilla.org/process/util;1"].
 			createInstance(Components.interfaces.nsIProcess);
 			proc.init(_osascriptFile);
 			try {
 				proc.run(!!block, ['-e', script], 2);
 			} catch(e) {}
 		}
 	}
 }
 	
 
 /**
  * Activates Firefox
  */
 Zotero.Utilities.Internal.activate = new function() {
 	// For Carbon and X11
 	var _carbon, ProcessSerialNumber, SetFrontProcessWithOptions;
 	var _x11, _x11Display, _x11RootWindow, XClientMessageEvent, XFetchName, XFree, XQueryTree,
 		XOpenDisplay, XCloseDisplay, XFlush, XDefaultRootWindow, XInternAtom, XSendEvent,
 		XMapRaised, XGetWindowProperty, X11Atom, X11Bool, X11Display, X11Window, X11Status;
 					
 	/** 
 	 * Bring a window to the foreground by interfacing directly with X11
 	 */
 	function _X11BringToForeground(win, intervalID) {
 		var windowTitle = win.QueryInterface(Ci.nsIInterfaceRequestor)
 			.getInterface(Ci.nsIWebNavigation).QueryInterface(Ci.nsIBaseWindow).title;
 		
 		var x11Window = _X11FindWindow(_x11RootWindow, windowTitle);
 		if(!x11Window) return;
 		win.clearInterval(intervalID);
 			
 		var event = new XClientMessageEvent();
 		event.type = 33; /* ClientMessage*/
 		event.serial = 0;
 		event.send_event = 1;
 		event.message_type = XInternAtom(_x11Display, "_NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW", 0);
 		event.display = _x11Display;
 		event.window = x11Window;
 		event.format = 32;
 		event.l0 = 2;
 		var mask = 1<<20 /* SubstructureRedirectMask */ | 1<<19 /* SubstructureNotifyMask */;
 		
 		if(XSendEvent(_x11Display, _x11RootWindow, 0, mask, event.address())) {
 			XMapRaised(_x11Display, x11Window);
 			XFlush(_x11Display);
 			Zotero.debug("Integration: Activated successfully");
 		} else {
 			Zotero.debug("Integration: An error occurred activating the window");
 		}
 	}
 	
 	/**
 	 * Find an X11 window given a name
 	 */
 	function _X11FindWindow(w, searchName) {
 		Components.utils.import("resource://gre/modules/ctypes.jsm");
 		
 		var res = _X11GetProperty(w, "_NET_CLIENT_LIST", 33 /** XA_WINDOW **/)
 			|| _X11GetProperty(w, "_WIN_CLIENT_LIST", 6 /** XA_CARDINAL **/);
 		if(!res) return false;
 		
 		var nClients = res[1],
 			clientList = ctypes.cast(res[0], X11Window.array(nClients).ptr).contents,
 			foundName = new ctypes.char.ptr();
 		for(var i=0; i<nClients; i++) {			
 			if(XFetchName(_x11Display, clientList.addressOfElement(i).contents,
 					foundName.address())) {
 				var foundNameString = undefined;
 				try {
 					foundNameString = foundName.readString();
 				} catch(e) {}
 				XFree(foundName);
 				if(foundNameString === searchName) return clientList.addressOfElement(i).contents;
 			}
 		}
 		XFree(res[0]);
 		
 		return false;
 	}
 	
 	/**
 	 * Get a property from an X11 window
 	 */
 	function _X11GetProperty(win, propertyName, propertyType) {
 		Components.utils.import("resource://gre/modules/ctypes.jsm");
 		
 		var returnType = new X11Atom(),
 			returnFormat = new ctypes.int(),
 			nItemsReturned = new ctypes.unsigned_long(),
 			nBytesAfterReturn = new ctypes.unsigned_long(),
 			data = new ctypes.char.ptr();
 		if(!XGetWindowProperty(_x11Display, win, XInternAtom(_x11Display, propertyName, 0), 0, 1024,
 				0, propertyType, returnType.address(), returnFormat.address(),
 				nItemsReturned.address(), nBytesAfterReturn.address(), data.address())) {
 			var nElements = ctypes.cast(nItemsReturned, ctypes.unsigned_int).value;
 			if(nElements) return [data, nElements];
 		}
 		return null;
 	}
 	
 	return function(win) {
 		if (Zotero.isMac) {
 			const BUNDLE_IDS = {
 				"Zotero":"org.zotero.zotero",
 				"Firefox":"org.mozilla.firefox",
 				"Aurora":"org.mozilla.aurora",
 				"Nightly":"org.mozilla.nightly"
 			};
 			
 			if (win) {
 				Components.utils.import("resource://gre/modules/ctypes.jsm");
 				win.focus();
 				
 				if(!_carbon) {
 					_carbon = ctypes.open("/System/Library/Frameworks/Carbon.framework/Carbon");
 					/*
 					 * struct ProcessSerialNumber {
 					 *    unsigned long highLongOfPSN;
 					 *    unsigned long lowLongOfPSN;
 					 * };
 					 */
 					ProcessSerialNumber = new ctypes.StructType("ProcessSerialNumber", 
 						[{"highLongOfPSN":ctypes.uint32_t}, {"lowLongOfPSN":ctypes.uint32_t}]);
 						
 					/*
 					 * OSStatus SetFrontProcessWithOptions (
 					 *    const ProcessSerialNumber *inProcess,
 					 *    OptionBits inOptions
 					 * );
 					 */
 					SetFrontProcessWithOptions = _carbon.declare("SetFrontProcessWithOptions",
 						ctypes.default_abi, ctypes.int32_t, ProcessSerialNumber.ptr,
 						ctypes.uint32_t);
 				}
 				
 				var psn = new ProcessSerialNumber();
 				psn.highLongOfPSN = 0;
 				psn.lowLongOfPSN = 2 // kCurrentProcess
 				
 				win.addEventListener("load", function() {
 					var res = SetFrontProcessWithOptions(
 						psn.address(),
 						1 // kSetFrontProcessFrontWindowOnly = (1 << 0)
 					);
 				}, false);
 			} else {
 				Zotero.Utilities.Internal.executeAppleScript('tell application id "'+BUNDLE_IDS[Zotero.appName]+'" to activate');
 			}
 		} else if(!Zotero.isWin && win) {
 			Components.utils.import("resource://gre/modules/ctypes.jsm");
 
 			if(_x11 === false) return;
 			if(!_x11) {
 				try {
 					_x11 = ctypes.open("libX11.so.6");
 				} catch(e) {
 					try {
 						var libName = ctypes.libraryName("X11");
 					} catch(e) {
 						_x11 = false;
 						Zotero.debug("Integration: Could not get libX11 name; not activating");
 						Zotero.logError(e);
 						return;
 					}
 					
 					try {
 						_x11 = ctypes.open(libName);
 					} catch(e) {
 						_x11 = false;
 						Zotero.debug("Integration: Could not open "+libName+"; not activating");
 						Zotero.logError(e);
 						return;
 					}
 				}
 				
 				X11Atom = ctypes.unsigned_long;
 				X11Bool = ctypes.int;
 				X11Display = new ctypes.StructType("Display");
 				X11Window = ctypes.unsigned_long;
 				X11Status = ctypes.int;
 					
 				/*
 				 * typedef struct {
 				 *     int type;
 				 *     unsigned long serial;	/ * # of last request processed by server * /
 				 *     Bool send_event;			/ * true if this came from a SendEvent request * /
 				 *     Display *display;		/ * Display the event was read from * /
 				 *     Window window;
 				 *     Atom message_type;
 				 *     int format;
 				 *     union {
 				 *         char b[20];
 				 *         short s[10];
 				 *         long l[5];
 				 *     } data;
 				 * } XClientMessageEvent;
 				 */
 				XClientMessageEvent = new ctypes.StructType("XClientMessageEvent",
 					[
 						{"type":ctypes.int},
 						{"serial":ctypes.unsigned_long},
 						{"send_event":X11Bool},
 						{"display":X11Display.ptr},
 						{"window":X11Window},
 						{"message_type":X11Atom},
 						{"format":ctypes.int},
 						{"l0":ctypes.long},
 						{"l1":ctypes.long},
 						{"l2":ctypes.long},
 						{"l3":ctypes.long},
 						{"l4":ctypes.long}
 					]
 				);
 				
 				/*
 				 * Status XFetchName(
 				 *    Display*		display,
 				 *    Window		w,
 				 *    char**		window_name_return
 				 * );
 				 */
 				XFetchName = _x11.declare("XFetchName", ctypes.default_abi, X11Status,
 					X11Display.ptr, X11Window, ctypes.char.ptr.ptr);
 					
 				/*
 				 * Status XQueryTree(
 				 *    Display*		display,
 				 *    Window		w,
 				 *    Window*		root_return,
 				 *    Window*		parent_return,
 				 *    Window**		children_return,
 				 *    unsigned int*	nchildren_return
 				 * );
 				 */
 				XQueryTree = _x11.declare("XQueryTree", ctypes.default_abi, X11Status,
 					X11Display.ptr, X11Window, X11Window.ptr, X11Window.ptr, X11Window.ptr.ptr,
 					ctypes.unsigned_int.ptr);
 				
 				/*
 				 * int XFree(
 				 *    void*		data
 				 * );
 				 */
 				XFree = _x11.declare("XFree", ctypes.default_abi, ctypes.int, ctypes.voidptr_t);
 				
 				/*
 				 * Display *XOpenDisplay(
 				 *     _Xconst char*	display_name
 				 * );
 				 */
 				XOpenDisplay = _x11.declare("XOpenDisplay", ctypes.default_abi, X11Display.ptr,
 					ctypes.char.ptr);
 				 
 				/*
 				 * int XCloseDisplay(
 				 *     Display*		display
 				 * );
 				 */
 				XCloseDisplay = _x11.declare("XCloseDisplay", ctypes.default_abi, ctypes.int,
 					X11Display.ptr);
 				
 				/*
 				 * int XFlush(
 				 *     Display*		display
 				 * );
 				 */
 				XFlush = _x11.declare("XFlush", ctypes.default_abi, ctypes.int, X11Display.ptr);
 				
 				/*
 				 * Window XDefaultRootWindow(
 				 *     Display*		display
 				 * );
 				 */
 				XDefaultRootWindow = _x11.declare("XDefaultRootWindow", ctypes.default_abi,
 					X11Window, X11Display.ptr);
 					
 				/*
 				 * Atom XInternAtom(
 				 *     Display*			display,
 				 *     _Xconst char*	atom_name,
 				 *     Bool				only_if_exists
 				 * );
 				 */
 				XInternAtom = _x11.declare("XInternAtom", ctypes.default_abi, X11Atom,
 					X11Display.ptr, ctypes.char.ptr, X11Bool);
 				 
 				/*
 				 * Status XSendEvent(
 				 *     Display*		display,
 				 *     Window		w,
 				 *     Bool			propagate,
 				 *     long			event_mask,
 				 *     XEvent*		event_send
 				 * );
 				 */
 				XSendEvent = _x11.declare("XSendEvent", ctypes.default_abi, X11Status,
 					X11Display.ptr, X11Window, X11Bool, ctypes.long, XClientMessageEvent.ptr);
 				
 				/*
 				 * int XMapRaised(
 				 *     Display*		display,
 				 *     Window		w
 				 * );
 				 */
 				XMapRaised = _x11.declare("XMapRaised", ctypes.default_abi, ctypes.int,
 					X11Display.ptr, X11Window);
 				
 				/*
 				 * extern int XGetWindowProperty(
 				 *     Display*		 display,
 				 *     Window		 w,
 				 *     Atom		 property,
 				 *     long		 long_offset,
 				 *     long		 long_length,
 				 *     Bool		 delete,
 				 *     Atom		 req_type,
 				 *     Atom*		 actual_type_return,
 				 *     int*		 actual_format_return,
 				 *     unsigned long*	 nitems_return,
 				 *     unsigned long*	 bytes_after_return,
 				 *     unsigned char**	 prop_return 
 				 * );
 				 */
 				XGetWindowProperty = _x11.declare("XGetWindowProperty", ctypes.default_abi,
 					ctypes.int, X11Display.ptr, X11Window, X11Atom, ctypes.long, ctypes.long,
 					X11Bool, X11Atom, X11Atom.ptr, ctypes.int.ptr, ctypes.unsigned_long.ptr,
 					ctypes.unsigned_long.ptr, ctypes.char.ptr.ptr);
 				
 					
 				_x11Display = XOpenDisplay(null);
 				if(!_x11Display) {
 					Zotero.debug("Integration: Could not open display; not activating");
 					_x11 = false;
 					return;
 				}
 				
 				Zotero.addShutdownListener(function() {
 					XCloseDisplay(_x11Display);
 				});
 				
 				_x11RootWindow = XDefaultRootWindow(_x11Display);
 				if(!_x11RootWindow) {
 					Zotero.debug("Integration: Could not get root window; not activating");
 					_x11 = false;
 					return;
 				}
 			}
 
 			win.addEventListener("load", function() {
 				var intervalID;
 				intervalID = win.setInterval(function() {
 					_X11BringToForeground(win, intervalID);
 				}, 50);
 			}, false);
 		}
 	}
 };
 
 Zotero.Utilities.Internal.sendToBack = function() {
 	if (Zotero.isMac) {
 		Zotero.Utilities.Internal.executeAppleScript(`
 			tell application "System Events"
 				if frontmost of application id "org.zotero.zotero" then
 					set visible of process "Zotero" to false
 				end if
 			end tell
 		`);
 	}
 }
 
 /**
  *  Base64 encode / decode
  *  From http://www.webtoolkit.info/
  */
 Zotero.Utilities.Internal.Base64 = {
 	 // private property
 	 _keyStr : "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/=",
 	 
 	 // public method for encoding
 	 encode : function (input) {
 		 var output = "";
 		 var chr1, chr2, chr3, enc1, enc2, enc3, enc4;
 		 var i = 0;
 		 
 		 input = this._utf8_encode(input);
 		 
 		 while (i < input.length) {
 			 
 			 chr1 = input.charCodeAt(i++);
 			 chr2 = input.charCodeAt(i++);
 			 chr3 = input.charCodeAt(i++);
 			 
 			 enc1 = chr1 >> 2;
 			 enc2 = ((chr1 & 3) << 4) | (chr2 >> 4);
 			 enc3 = ((chr2 & 15) << 2) | (chr3 >> 6);
 			 enc4 = chr3 & 63;
 			 
 			 if (isNaN(chr2)) {
 				 enc3 = enc4 = 64;
 			 } else if (isNaN(chr3)) {
 				 enc4 = 64;
 			 }
 			 
 			 output = output +
 			 this._keyStr.charAt(enc1) + this._keyStr.charAt(enc2) +
 			 this._keyStr.charAt(enc3) + this._keyStr.charAt(enc4);
 			 
 		 }
 		 
 		 return output;
 	 },
 	 
 	 // public method for decoding
 	 decode : function (input) {
 		 var output = "";
 		 var chr1, chr2, chr3;
 		 var enc1, enc2, enc3, enc4;
 		 var i = 0;
 		 
 		 input = input.replace(/[^A-Za-z0-9\+\/\=]/g, "");
 		 
 		 while (i < input.length) {
 			 
 			 enc1 = this._keyStr.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));
 			 enc2 = this._keyStr.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));
 			 enc3 = this._keyStr.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));
 			 enc4 = this._keyStr.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));
 			 
 			 chr1 = (enc1 << 2) | (enc2 >> 4);
 			 chr2 = ((enc2 & 15) << 4) | (enc3 >> 2);
 			 chr3 = ((enc3 & 3) << 6) | enc4;
 			 
 			 output = output + String.fromCharCode(chr1);
 			 
 			 if (enc3 != 64) {
 				 output = output + String.fromCharCode(chr2);
 			 }
 			 if (enc4 != 64) {
 				 output = output + String.fromCharCode(chr3);
 			 }
 			 
 		 }
 		 
 		 output = this._utf8_decode(output);
 		 
 		 return output;
 		 
 	 },
 	 
 	 // private method for UTF-8 encoding
 	 _utf8_encode : function (string) {
 		 string = string.replace(/\r\n/g,"\n");
 		 var utftext = "";
 		 
 		 for (var n = 0; n < string.length; n++) {
 			 
 			 var c = string.charCodeAt(n);
 			 
 			 if (c < 128) {
 				 utftext += String.fromCharCode(c);
 			 }
 			 else if((c > 127) && (c < 2048)) {
 				 utftext += String.fromCharCode((c >> 6) | 192);
 				 utftext += String.fromCharCode((c & 63) | 128);
 			 }
 			 else {
 				 utftext += String.fromCharCode((c >> 12) | 224);
 				 utftext += String.fromCharCode(((c >> 6) & 63) | 128);
 				 utftext += String.fromCharCode((c & 63) | 128);
 			 }
 			 
 		 }
 		 
 		 return utftext;
 	 },
 	 
 	 // private method for UTF-8 decoding
 	 _utf8_decode : function (utftext) {
 		 var string = "";
 		 var i = 0;
 		 var c = c1 = c2 = 0;
 		 
 		 while ( i < utftext.length ) {
 			 
 			 c = utftext.charCodeAt(i);
 			 
 			 if (c < 128) {
 				 string += String.fromCharCode(c);
 				 i++;
 			 }
 			 else if((c > 191) && (c < 224)) {
 				 c2 = utftext.charCodeAt(i+1);
 				 string += String.fromCharCode(((c & 31) << 6) | (c2 & 63));
 				 i += 2;
 			 }
 			 else {
 				 c2 = utftext.charCodeAt(i+1);
 				 c3 = utftext.charCodeAt(i+2);
 				 string += String.fromCharCode(((c & 15) << 12) | ((c2 & 63) << 6) | (c3 & 63));
 				 i += 3;
 			 }
 			 
 		 }
 		 
 		 return string;
 	 }
  }